\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}EXECUTIVE SUMMARY}{1-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1. }INTRODUCTION}{1-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2. }TOP-LEVEL REQUIREMENTS}{1-2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3. }ASSESSMENT OF TOKAMAK REGIMES}{1-4}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.3.1. }First-Stability Steady-State Regime}{1-4}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.3.2. }First-Stability Pulsed-Plasma Regime}{1-4}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.3.3. }Second-Stability Stead-State Regime}{1-5}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.3.4. }Reversed-Shear Steady-State Regime}{1-6}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.3.5. }Low-Aspect-Ratio (Spherical) Tokamak}{1-7}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.3.6. }Systems Assessment of Tokamak Physics Regimes}{1-8}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.4. }ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT OF DESIGN OPTIONS}{1-12}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.4.1. }Assessment of Ferritic Steel designs}{1-12}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.4.2. }Assessment of V designs}{1-14}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.4.3. }Assessment of SiC Designs}{1-15}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.4.4. }Neutronics Assessment}{1-17}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.4.5. }Assesment}{1-18}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5. }SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS}{1-19}
\contentsline {subsection}{REFERENCES}{1-21}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}REQUIREMENTS AND GOALS FOR FUSION}{2-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1. }INTRODUCTION}{2-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2. }REQUIREMENTS \& GOALS FOR FUSION POWER }{2-2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3. }MISSION \& REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FUSION DEMO}{2-5}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4. }TOP-LEVEL REQUIREMENTS}{2-7}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.5. }SUMARY AND CONCLUSIONS}{2-14}
\contentsline {subsection}{REFERENCES}{2-15}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}ECONOMICS AND COSTING}{3-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1. }INTRODUCTION}{3-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2. }COST MODEL}{3-2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3. }PLANT CAPACITY FACTOR}{3-7}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4. }MARKET CONTEXT}{3-8}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5. }SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS}{3-12}
\contentsline {subsection}{REFERENCES}{3-13}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}SAFETY AND LICENSING}{4-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1. }INTRODUCTION}{4-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2. }REVIEW OF NRC DOCUMENTATION}{4-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3. }PATHWAY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF FUSION REGULATION}{4-2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4. }TOP-LEVEL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS}{4-4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5. }METHODOLOGY FOR SAFETY ANALYSIS}{4-6}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.5.1. }Important Events for ARIES-IV}{4-8}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.5.2. }Event Frequency Estimate}{4-9}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.5.3. }Accident Source Terms}{4-9}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.6. }SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS}{4-13}
\contentsline {subsection}{REFERENCES}{4-14}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}OPTIONS FOR PLASMA REGIMES OF OPERATION}{5-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1. }INTRODUCTION}{5-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2. }PHYSICS FIGURES OF MERIT}{5-3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.1. }MHD Stability}{5-3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.2. }Current Drive}{5-7}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.3. }Energy Confinement}{5-11}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.4. }Heat Exhaust}{5-16}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.5. }Helium Ash Removal}{5-18}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3. }CONCEPT EVALUATION}{5-23}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.3.1. }First Stability [ARIES-I]}{5-23}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.3.2. }Pulsed Operation [PULSAR]}{5-25}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.3.3. }Second Stability [ARIES-II/IV]}{5-25}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.3.4. }Reversed Shear}{5-26}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.3.5. }Low-Aspect-Ratio}{5-26}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4. }Starlite Reference Design}{5-27}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.5. }SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS}{5-28}
\contentsline {subsection}{REFERENCES}{5-31}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}ENGINEERING OPTIONS}{6-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1. }INTRODUCTION}{6-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2. }FERRITIC STEEL DESIGNS}{6-2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.1. }Overview}{6-2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.2. }Design Options}{6-3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.3. }Material Properties}{6-5}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.4. }Ability to Meet Requirements}{6-12}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.5. }Key Issues and R\&D Needs}{6-26}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3. }VANADIUM DESIGNS}{6-33}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.1. }Overview}{6-33}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.2. }Design Options}{6-34}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.3. }Material Properties}{6-58}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.4. }Ability to Meet Demo Requirements}{6-68}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.5. }Key Issues and R\&D Needs}{6-71}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4. }SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITE DESIGNS}{6-78}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.1. }Design Options}{6-78}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2. }Key Issues}{6-79}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.5. }MAGNET SYSTEMS}{6-80}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.5.1. }PF Fault Analysis}{6-80}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.5.2. }TF Fault Analysis}{6-83}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.5.3. }Cryostat and Dewar Design}{6-86}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.5.4. }Structural Effects of Large Access Port }{6-92}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.6. }SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS}{6-100}
\contentsline {subsection}{REFERENCES}{6-102}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}ASSESSMENT OF REVERSED-SHEAR POWER PLANTS}{7-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1. }INTRODUCTION}{7-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2. }PHYSICS BASIS}{7-2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {7.2.1. }MHD Stability and Bootstrap Current}{7-2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {7.2.2. }Current Drive}{7-8}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3. }SYSTEMS ASSESSMENT}{7-11}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {7.3.1. }Plasma Minor Radius}{7-13}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {7.3.2. }Plasma Ion Temperature}{7-14}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {7.3.3. }Plasma Aspect Ratio}{7-16}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {7.3.4. }Design Point Determination}{7-18}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.4. }SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS}{7-23}
\contentsline {subsection}{REFERENCES}{7-24}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8}ASSESSMENT OF LOW-ASPECT-RATIO TOKAMAK POWER PLANT}{8-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.1. }INTRODUCTION}{8-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.2. }PHYSICS ASSESSMENT}{8-2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.1. }Equilibrium and Vertical Stability}{8-2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.2. }MHD stability and bootstrap current}{8-5}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.3. }Current drive}{8-9}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.4. }Summary}{8-13}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3. }ASSESSMENT OF ENGINEERING ASPECTS}{8-14}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.3.1. }Introduction}{8-14}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.3.2. }Center-Post Assessment}{8-16}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.3.3. }Design Implications of Copper and Copper Alloy Embrittlement}{8-22}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.3.4. }TF-Coil Power Supply and Busbar}{8-30}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.3.5. }Shielding Options, Radiation Effects, and Activation}{8-35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.3.6. }Blanket and Power Conversion Assessment}{8-46}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.3.7. }Divertor Assessment}{8-50}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.4. }SYSTEMS ASSESSMENT}{8-52}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.4.1. }Low-Aspect-Ratio-Tokamak Systems Models}{8-52}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.4.2. }Sensitivity Studies}{8-54}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.4.3. }Design Point Determination}{8-64}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.5. }SUMMARY \& CONCLUSIONS}{8-67}
\contentsline {subsection}{REFERENCES}{8-68}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.1. }INTRODUCTION}{A-1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.2. }PHYSICAL PROPERTIES}{A-2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {A.2.1. }Density}{A-2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {A.2.2. }Detailed Composition for Activation \& Waste-Disposal Analyses}{A-2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {A.2.3. }Melting Temperature}{A-2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {A.2.4. }Electrical Resistivity}{A-3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.3. }THERMAL PROPERTIES}{A-4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.4. }ELASTIC PROPERTIES}{A-4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.5. }TENSILE PROPERTIES OF UNIRRADIATED \hbox {V-4Cr-4Ti}\xspace }{A-5}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {A.5.1. }Ultimate Tensile Strength}{A-5}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {A.5.2. }Yield Strength}{A-7}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {A.5.3. }Uniform Elongation}{A-8}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {A.5.4. }Total Elongation}{A-9}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {A.5.5. }Reduction in Area}{A-10}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.6. }THERMAL CREEP}{A-11}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.7. }FATIGUE AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS}{A-13}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.8. }IRRADIATION EFFECTS}{A-14}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {A.8.1. }Thermo-physical and Elastic Properties}{A-14}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {A.8.2. }Tensile Properties}{A-14}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {A.8.3. }Fracture Toughness and Fatigue}{A-14}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {A.8.4. }Embrittlement due to Transmutation H and Injected D/T}{A-15}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {A.8.5. }Irradiation Creep}{A-15}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {A.8.6. }Swelling}{A-16}
\contentsline {subsection}{REFERENCES}{A-18}