\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}ENGINEERING OPTIONS}{6-1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1. }INTRODUCTION}{6-1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2. }FERRITIC STEEL DESIGNS}{6-2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.1. }Overview}{6-2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.2. }Design Options}{6-3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.3. }Material Properties}{6-5}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.3.1. }Temperature limits}{6-6}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.3.2. }Irradiation database and R\&D needs}{6-8}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.3.3. }Manufacturing capabilities}{6-10}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.3.4. }Nuclear characteristics}{6-11}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.4. }Ability to Meet Requirements}{6-12}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.4.1. }Maintainability}{6-12}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.4.2. }Thermal conversion efficiency}{6-13}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.4.3. }Cost assessment}{6-15}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.4.4. }Activation of ferritic steels}{6-20}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Structure Activity, Decay Heat, and Biological Hazard Potential.}{6-20}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Rad-waste Classification.}{6-21}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.5. }Key Issues and R\&D Needs}{6-26}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.5.1. }Loss of ductility and its consequences}{6-26}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Tensile-Test Ductility.}{6-27}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Ductile-to-Brittle Transition Temperature (DBTT).}{6-29}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.5.2. }Ferromagnetism issues}{6-30}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Field ripple.}{6-31}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Poloidal field perturbation.}{6-31}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Ferromagnetic loads.}{6-31}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Issues Requiring Further Study}{6-32}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3. }VANADIUM DESIGNS}{6-33}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.1. }Overview}{6-33}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.2. }Design Options}{6-34}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.2.1. }Self-cooled lithium blanket design}{6-34}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.2.2. }Helium-cooled blanket design}{6-36}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.2.3. }The He-Li-V blanket design}{6-39}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Materials Issues}{6-43}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Design with High Pressure Helium.}{6-48}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.2.4. }Divertor and in-vessel component options}{6-53}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Thermal-hydraulic evaluation.}{6-53}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Sputtering erosion and plasma facing material selection.}{6-54}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.2.5. }Use of vanadium in the shield}{6-56}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.2.6. }Use of vanadium in the heat transport loop}{6-57}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.3. }Material Properties}{6-58}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.3.1. }Thermophysical and elastic properties}{6-60}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.3.2. }Tensile and creep properties of unirradiated \hbox {V-4Cr-4Ti}}{6-60}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.3.3. }Irradiation effects}{6-64}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.3.4. }Compatibility issues}{6-66}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.3.5. }Fabrication}{6-67}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.4. }Ability to Meet Demo Requirements}{6-68}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.4.1. }Cost and performance requirements}{6-68}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.4.2. }Safety, licensing and environmental requirements}{6-70}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Consequences of accidental releases.}{6-70}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.5. }Key Issues and R\&D Needs}{6-71}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.5.1. }Vanadium material R\&D}{6-72}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.5.2. }Insulator coating development}{6-74}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.5.3. }Breeder and tritium control}{6-75}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Tritium recovery and control for lithium.}{6-75}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Tritium control and recovery from He-cooled designs}{6-76}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4. }SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITE DESIGNS}{6-78}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.1. }Design Options}{6-78}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.2. }Key Issues}{6-79}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.5. }MAGNET SYSTEMS}{6-80}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.5.1. }PF Fault Analysis}{6-80}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.5.2. }TF Fault Analysis}{6-83}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.5.3. }Cryostat and Dewar Design}{6-86}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.5.4. }Structural Effects of Large Access Port }{6-92}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.6. }SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS}{6-100}
\contentsline {section}{REFERENCES}{6-102}