\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8}FUSION-POWER-CORE ENGINEERING}{8-1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.1. }INTRODUCTION}{8-1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.2. }MATERIALS}{8-9}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.2.1. }Structural Material}{8-11}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.1.1. }Fundamental differences between metals and ceramics}{8-14}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Bonding.}{8-14}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Fracture mechanisms.}{8-16}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.1.2. }Irradiation effects on bulk ceramics}{8-16}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Impact of manufacturing process.}{8-18}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Dimensional changes.}{8-19}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Behavior of helium in SiC.}{8-19}
\contentsline {paragraph}{High helium-generation rates.}{8-20}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.1.3. }Irradiation effects on SiC fibers}{8-21}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.1.4. }Irradiation effects on ceramic matrix composites}{8-22}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Lifetime of SiC composites}{8-24}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.1.5. }Properties}{8-24}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Mechanical properties.}{8-27}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Thermal conductivity.}{8-29}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Swelling.}{8-30}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Light-ion erosion.}{8-31}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Blistering and flaking.}{8-32}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Hydrogen retention.}{8-32}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.1.6. }Maximum-allowable design-stress criteria}{8-33}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.1.7. }Manufacturing ceramic composites}{8-36}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.1.8. }Manufacturing the \hbox {ARIES-I}\ Fusion Power Core}{8-37}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.1.9. }Summary and R\&D directions}{8-38}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Understanding fundamentals.}{8-40}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Manufacturing techniques.}{8-40}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Development of radiation-damage-tolerant CMCs.}{8-41}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Light-ion interaction.}{8-41}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.2.2. }Solid-Breeder Material}{8-42}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.2.3. }Neutron Multiplier Material}{8-46}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.3.1. }Properties}{8-46}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.3.2. }Swelling}{8-48}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.3.3. }Summary}{8-51}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.2.4. }Coolant}{8-51}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.4.1. }Advantages of helium}{8-52}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.4.2. }Disadvantages of helium}{8-52}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.2.5. }Material Cost Estimates}{8-53}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.5.1. }SiC composites}{8-53}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.5.2. }Cost of \hbox {ARIES-I}\ components}{8-55}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.2.5.3. }External piping costs}{8-58}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.3. }MECHANICAL DESIGN}{8-58}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3.1. }Configuration}{8-58}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3.2. }First-Wall Thermal and Structural Analyses}{8-60}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.3.2.1. }Thermal analysis}{8-62}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.3.2.2. }Thermal and pressure stresses}{8-62}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.3.2.3. }Global deformation}{8-63}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.3.2.4. }Thermomechanical analysis at end of life}{8-63}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3.3. }Blanket Structural Analysis}{8-64}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.4. }NEUTRONICS AND ACTIVATION}{8-64}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.5. }THERMAL ANALYSIS}{8-74}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.5.1. }Thermal Hydraulics}{8-74}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.5.2. }Effective Thermal Conductivity of Packed Beds}{8-78}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.5.2.1. }Available work}{8-82}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.5.2.2. }Effective bed conductivities for \hbox {ARIES-I}\ blanket}{8-84}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Multiplier zone.}{8-88}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Breeder zone.}{8-88}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.6. }TRITIUM PURGE-FLOW DESIGN}{8-88}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.7. }HEAT TRANSFER IN PLASMA-FACING COMPONENTS}{8-89}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.1. }Uniqueness of Heat Transfer in Plasma-Facing Components}{8-89}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.2. }Formulation and Solution of the Problem}{8-90}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.7.2.1. }Governing equations}{8-90}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.7.2.2. }Turbulence model}{8-92}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Velocity profile.}{8-92}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Eddy diffusivity.}{8-92}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {8.7.2.3. }Numerical solution}{8-92}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.3. }Results and Discussion}{8-94}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.7.4. }Conclusions}{8-94}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.8. }SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS}{8-98}
\contentsline {section}{REFERENCES}{8-101}